How to build a simple Line Tracer Robot??
By mobilephones
Some Advanced Line Tracers
Line Tracer or Line Follower Robot is one of the simplest bots fit for an amateur to dig into the vast field of Robotics. The same bot can be made complex in Mechanical implementation if precision requirement is more. Lets have a look on how simply a Line Tracer can be constructed.
Requirements:
- Two DC Gearhead Motors: Can be 45 rpm or 100rpm or even more. 45/100 rpm may be better for beginners.
- Motor Driver IC L293D
- Comparator IC LM324
- Sensor Network : TSOP/(IR led-Photodiode) sensors may be used. Failure chance for TSOP is more. So neglect it. Lets proceed with IR LED- Photodiode Pair. A minimum of 2 sensor networks may be used.
- Castor Wheel for support (Typical Reverse Rickshaw design)
Working Principle:IR LED must be forward biassed (+5V) and Photodiode reverse biassed (-5V). The sensors must be arranged such that the radiations from IR LED must reach within the proximity of the photodiode in case of reflections from a white surface. Ideally, the reflectivity of white surface is 1 and that for black surfaces is 0. The Line tracer works on the above principle for distinguishing white and black surfaces. The difference in analog between the two surfaces must be made digital. The comparator IC LM324 is used for this purpose.
The comparator will give outputs either high or low which can be adjusted for black /white respectively or in the reverse order by adjusting the input of the comparator IC( inverting/non-inverting inputs).Suppose that white gives HIGH and Black LOW. The output from comparator must be coupled to the motor driver IC L293D accordingly.
Sensor Arrangement: Atleast there must be two sensors. I will discuss the case of two sensors. The sensors must be arranged such that the line to be followed lies between them. i.e, the two sensors senses the ouside of the required line.This is to facilitate the differentiation of turns. Take the case of a black line to be traced in a white background.The robot must be set to motion when both sensors detect white.In case if left sensor detects black and right sensor white, then a turn to left is detected and reverse for the case of a right turn.As soon as a left turn is detected the left tyre( motors connected directly to tyre) must be stopped and right motor must only rotated. Or even the left tyre (motor) may be rotated in the reverse direction. The reverse is the case with a right turn. The direction of rotation of the motor may be adjusted by controlling the input signals to motor driver IC.
In case of a black background with white lines, the logic must be reversed.
Some Negatives: The robot will move forward if it is kept in a white background without any black line and it will stay still if kept in a black Background. The bot will stop at Junctions. these defects can be eliminated by using a microcontroller chip which is programmed to our requirements.
For any further doubts, do comment.
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Comments
Thanks a lot..Although i knew this...all the information at one place helps revision and clears doubts
thanks to nikhil and ayurveda
can u please tell how to makes this with at mega 8535
how to follow black line and then to white line?? thanks
@ggkk
by incorporating programming techniques u can follow white line and then black line or vice versa. Try MPLAB or any other s.Tutorials are readily available on net.
veryy good info.
can u tell me how to make quick correction at the turns
@arvind
using motors with more traction will do. Also chose an optimum speed motor according to your bot's stability.
can u send me a full circuit diagram and components required . titokuttan@gmail.com
@tito
sent. check your inbox
i'm sorry i hav not yet got it pls resent it.i would be greatfull
ok check it
tito.efire@gmail.com
spsphulse@gmail.com
can you help me out similarly in "micromouse"..????
can i have the complete circuit..?
badmudafuker@yahoo.com
thank you for this robot.
hi. can u mail me the construction and design features of the object? please.
my id id swrp_teja26@yahoo.com
please,you mail the construction of this robot.
piease,you mail the construction of this robot.
my id sbs1988ss@ggmail.com
hi bro can you give me the ic type diagram and the ciruit diagram of this one coz im gonna make this one pls bro i really need this one to pass for my subj. :( snd it to me plssss @ st_hangal@yahoo.com
hi how can we make acute angled turns ?
can you give me the ic type diagram and the ciruit diagram of this one
salmanvirgo@hotmail.com
can u show mw how do i make the wiring of the sensors on the breadboard..?
Can u send me the circuit diagram of a line follwer .... with the components required on my mail id hims.destini@gmail.com
hi bro can you give me the ic type diagram and the ciruit diagram of this one & send me a full circuit diagram and components required . coz im gonna make this one pls bro i really need this one
viren89desai@yahoo.co.in
thanx....
nice
intrstng!
Can u plz sent a detailed fig
to ur.anas@yahoo.com
an u send me a full circuit diagram and components required . vargheseskaria2010@gmail.com please it is urgetnt
hei......this look interesting.....
can U please send me full circuit diagram n component thats needed to make this line tracer?????I need it....urgent....ASAP..please send to my email...
jodie.ajo@hotmail.com
really awesome line tracer........!
i am also interested in making a line tracer lyk this cud u plz send me the circuit diagram.. and the components required for me too plz ASAP :)
btw forgot to say my mail id
vijayhtanrama@gmail.com
where can you buy one of these?
the best inform can i get
Gr8 work
hey folks!!
i have given more than enough info to construct a basic line tracer. Detailled circuit diagram will surely be spoon feeding.
Try yourself with the skeletal data given.
what about the programming part?
which language needs to be used?
its realy gud tchnique.....
but my question is will it creat any prob for single castor wheel???????
sir how can i make the robot move at junctions without a microcontroller
please mail me the complete circuit &its coponent details my e-mail id is bipinlal007@gmail.com
can you give me a full schematic of the line follower
the diagram and its component on my e-mail
satria_adi_prayoga@yahoo.co.id
plz do sent me the complete circuit diagrams to this e-mail id
tijolpeter@gmail.com
can u plzsend me d complete diagram n details of d line tracer...plz.
mail me at swaprks@gmail.com
i have a feeling thatINTENTIONALLY/ PURPOSEFULLY ,the author does not give full required information /circuit diagram etc .This is true with some other projects also.
This may be a BUSINESS TRIC so that the hobbyist is forced to buy the READY TO ASSEMBLE KITS.
Hey it is use ful but you should provide a bit proframming tips too...
I like robots very munch. Nice hub...Keep going...
@shanker
A true hobbyist dont want to be spoon fed. He has the knack to get what he wants and what he aims. Some ppl creep into robotics just to make their resumes colourful. They are not willing to work hard. They just want cakewalks. What is the point in soldering a circuit designed by others to bag some prize in some tech fest. Be daring to innovate. I think that I have provided ample framework. Refer datasheets and design a circuit by your own. Plagiarism wont guide you much.
@ankur
Brother, pls dont call me sir.
btw, you can design some logic using gates. This may increase the number of sensors but can be done without using micro controllers.Also dont mix logic families in a single design. Either use CMOS or TTL. Skim throuh the datasheets.
@prathamesh chavan
Single castor wheel is good while negotiating turns. If speed matters most dont go for it.
can u send me the full circuit diagram and the components required?
Thank u a lot.I just want to satart robotics and your explanation was very informative.
everything was okk except the coonection parts ...........thats not eplained practicallyyyyyyyyyy
please send me complete details , circuit diagram and components required .....plz brother
my mail id electrochan@gmail.com
it would sure help me for the symposium i am going to take part next week... :-)
can u send me a full circuit diagram and components required . akothekar55@gmail.com
please send me complete details , circuit diagram and components required .....plz brother
my mail id akothekar55@gmail.com
can u help me?please send me the flowchart and circuit diagram..i really need it..
mandini89@yahoo.com
Sir i am very intersting about in this project ,plz send full details about this ,block diagram etc, thing these facility to requirea in another areas
bro can u send the full circuit diagram for your robot....
can u send me the full circuit diagram and the components required?
lekelaplace@live.co.uk
can u send me the full circuit diagram and the components required?
ab-uk@hotmail.com
thanks
i am fate up,seeing only external parts.please could you email me the clear total including circuit diagram of line tracer robort
Pls snd full circuit diagram using IC
wastefalo ..........nv nee chettha mattr,adisinatte undi
its interesting so plz send more detailes of this ............ and how we enhance our skills to thing other extra programming based robots......
can u plz tell that in Sensor cirucuit, what r TX and RX,,i mean whr 2 connect them!
ayurveda 2 years ago
Reaaly informative.... Thank you very much....